The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Preservation of Historical Monuments

Abstract

The preservation of cultural heritage is one of the primary tasks of modern science. Artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-based tools represent a promising solution for safeguarding historical monuments, especially in the context of threats such as floods, large-scale fires, military conflicts, and wars. AI opens new opportunities for the identification, conservation, restoration, and public dissemination of cultural assets. In article analyzes the applications of AI-driven methods and tools in historical, archaeological, and museum sciences to preserve historical sources and monuments. The study identifies the opportunities AI provides, the potential risks associated with its use, and future prospects.

The study reveals that artificial intelligence plays a significant role in the digital transformation of cultural and historical heritage preservation. It is actively used for artifact detection in potential excavation sites, for early-stage identification of monument damage undetectable to the human eye, for the creation of digital guides and virtual museums, for processing extensive metadata, and even for tracking stolen cultural artifacts. Despite the growing use of AI in the scientific community, ethical challenges, methodological inaccuracies, and the necessity of expert validation and adjustment of AI-generated results remain relevant. AI opens new horizons for the global academic community, yet its full potential are still being discovered and requires critical reflection at both theoretical and practical levels.