Features of Historical Development of Venezuela: Past and Present
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article examines the features of historical development of Venezuela since the proclamation of the country’s independence at the beginning of the 19th century up to the modern period of governing by the Venezuelan presidents Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro. The article pays a special attention to an important event in the history of Venezuela - the 1914 discovery of a giant oil field in the region of Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela’s implementation and further development of the so-called oil-containing model and the impact of the oil and gas production and processing of carbon resources on the socio-political situation in the country and well-being of the Venezuelan people.
The period of the reign of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez (1998-2013) has been studied in more detail. The general thesis of the doctrine of the “Bolivarian revolution” have been considered and certain provisions end attainments of the program to construct the “Bolivarian socialism”, have been detected certain achievements and problems of implementing the participatory democracy in Venezuela. Certain foreign policy initiatives of the president and specific steps aimed at achieving the leading role in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean have been analyzed.
The article highlights anti-Americanism as a peculiar trend of Hugo Chavez’s foreign policy and the sentiments of Venezuelan society, the peculiarities of Venezuela-Ukraine bilateral relations development have been emphasized.
It has been concluded that it is advisable to further study the experience of creating the state and carrying out reforms in Venezuela for its possible further use in the development of our state, as well as using certain Venezuelan approaches regarding its leadership in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean in order to enhance and strengthen the role of Ukraine in the European regional cooperation.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Husyeva, A. Evolyutsiya roli Venesuely u mizhnarodniy ekonomichniy politytsi v XX st. Naukovyy bloh Natsional’nyy universytet “Ostroz’ka akademiya” [The evolution of the role of Venezuela in international economic policy in the twentieth century. Scientific blog National University “Ostroh Academy”]. [Online]. Available from: https://naub.oa.edu.ua/2015/еволюція-ролі-венесуели-у-міжнародні [In Ukrainian].
Silva, M. (2006). Integración Energética Andino-brasileña. Revisión de Marcos Jurídicos Nacionales y Regional. Caracas: Ildis. [In Spanish].
Aguilar, M. (2007). Política Exterior. Observatorio de Venezuela, 1. [In Spanish].
Gel’man, V. (2008). Neft’. Gaz. Modernizatsiya obshchestva: uchebnik [Gas. Modernization of society: textbook]. Moskva: Omega-L. [In Russian].
Ergin, D. (1999). Dobycha. Vsemirnaya istoriya bor’by za neft’, den’gi i vlast’ [Production. World history of the struggle for oil, money and power]. Moskva: DeNovo,1999. [In Russian].
Ewell, J. (1984). Venezuela: A Century of Change. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [In English].
Kingsbury, D. (2012). State and Power after Neoliberalism in Bolivarian Venezuela. Santa Cruz. [In English].
Eljuri, E. & Pérez, V. (2008). 21st Century Transformation of the Venezuelan Oil Industry and Victorino. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 4. [In English].
Spelz, A. (2007). Latin American Liberation Philosophies: Analyzing Hugo Chávez’s Bolivarian Revolution. European University Center for Peace Studies. (Pp. 16-21). Stadtschlaining, 2007. [In English].
Ivanov, N.S. (2013). Ugo Chaves: shtrikhi ideyno-politicheskogo portreta [Hugo Chavez: strokes of an ideological and political portrait]. Latinoamerikanskiy istoricheskiy al’manakh [Latin American Historical Almanac], 13, pp. 212-230. [In Russian].
Ivanov, N.S. (2016). Uroki Chavesa: Bolivarianskiy reformizm [Lessons from Chavez: Bolivarian Reformism]. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Vseobshchaya istoriya [Bulletin of RUDN. Series: General History], 1, pp. 11-20. [In Russian].
Chávez Frías, H. & Chaparro , C. (2007). “El que me acuse de dictador es un ignorante”: frases de Hugo Chávez. Caracas. [In Spanish].
(2010). Las líneas de Chávez. Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías. Moscú. [In Spanish].
Gott, R. (2010). In the Shadow of the Liberator: Hugo Chávez and the Transformation of Venezuela. L.: Verso. [In English].
Conway, С. (2013). The Cult of Bolívar in Latin American Literature. Miami: University Press of Florida. [In English].
Arnoux, E.N. (2008). El discurso latinoamericanista de Hugo Chávez. Caracas. [In Spanish].
(2009). Venezuela da ejemplo de soberanía agroalimentaria. Gobierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. Instituto Nacional de Nutrición. INN Noticia, 4. Mayo. [In Spanish].
United Nations Statistics Division. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. [Online]. Available from: http:unstats.un.org/unsd/pocketbook/PDF/2013/Venezuela%20(Bolivarian%20 Republic%20of); Banco Central de Venezuela; World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund. [Online]. Available from: http: www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/weodata/ weoselgr.aspx [In English].
(2013). World Happiness Report 2013. In: Helliwell, J., Layard, R., Sachs, Jf. (eds). The Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). Global Initiative for the United Nations. N.Y. [In English].
Barabash, O.V. (2018). Traektoriya politychnykh rezhymiv ta zahal’no-transformatsiyni protsesy v Venesueli ta Meksytsi: osoblyvosti rozvytku i konturnist’ zmin [The trajectory of political regimes and general transformation processes in Venezuela and Mexico: features of development and the contour of change]. [Online]. Suchasne suspil’stvo [Modern Society], 2, (16). Available from: http://journals.hnpu.edu.ua/index.php/politology/article/view/2135 [In Ukrainian].
Baykov, A., Istomin, I., Kolodnyy, A. (2013). O krizisakh, strannykh druzhbakh Rossii i novoy roli malykh i srednikh gosudarstv [On crises, strange friendships of Russia and the new role of small and medium-sized states]. Mezhdunarodnyye protsessy [International processes], 1, pp. 94-112. [In Russian].
Zabolotna, M.F. (2015). Vplyv novoho rehionalizmu na rozvytok krayin Latyns’koyi Ameryky [The impact of new regionalism on the development of Latin America]. [Online]. Visnyk Mariupol’s’koho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriya: Istoriya. Politolohiya [Bulletin of the Mariupol State University. Series: History. Politology], 13-14, pp. 242-248. Available from: http://mdu.in.ua/Nauch/VESTNIK/History/visnik-13-14.pdf [In Ukrainian].
Dabagyan, E.S. (2012). Vneshnyaya politika Venesuely v nachale XXI veka: osnovnyye napravleniya. Regional’nyye problemy mirovoy politiki [Foreign policy of Venezuela at the beginning of the XXI century: main directions. Regional problems of world politics]. [Online]. Vestn. Mosk. un-ta, Ser. 25. Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya i mirovaya politika [Vestn. Moscow university, Ser. 25. International relations and world politics], 1. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vneshnyaya-politika-venesuely-v-nachale-xxi-veka-osnovnye-napravleniya [In Russian].
Dabagyan, E.S. (2005). Ugo Chaves. Politicheskiy portret [Hugo Chavez. Political portrait]. Moskva: INION RAN. [In Russian].
Dabagyan, E.S. (2006). Venesuela: kontseptual’nyye osnovy mezhdunarodnoy politiki [Venezuela: Conceptual Foundations of International Politics]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 7, pp. 80-91. [In Russian].
(2011). Venesuela: praktika “bolivarianskogo proyekta” (rezul’taty i riski) [Venezuela: the practice of the “Bolivarian project” (results and risks). Moskva: ILA. [In Russian].
Shcho vidbuvayet’sya u Venesueli: rozvytok kryzy [What is happening in Venezuela: the development of the crisis]. [Online]. Available from: https://www.dw.com/uk/що-відбувається-у-венесуелі-розвиток-кризи/a-47214763 [In Ukrainian].
Vlasti SSHA rasshirili spisok sanktsiy po Venesuele [The US authorities have expanded the list of sanctions on Venezuela]. [Online]. Available from: https://iz.ru/1106684/2020-12-30/vlasti-ssha-rasshirili-spisok-sanktcii-po-venesuele [In Russian].
Maduro vydvinul ul’timatum Yevrosoyuzu [Maduro issued an ultimatum to the European Union]. [Online]. Available from: https://iz.ru/1129167/2021-02-25/maduro-vydvinul-ultimatum-evrosoiuzu [In Russian].
Maduro nazval ukhod Trampa pobedoy Venesuely [Maduro called Trump’s departure a victory for Venezuela]. [Online]. Available from: https://iz.ru/1114294/2021-01-21/maduro-nazval-ukhod-trampa-pobedoi-venesuely [In Russian].
Vasil’yeva, M. Ot i Dzho: kak pobeda Baydena povliyayet na situatsiyu v Venesuele / Novyy glava Belogo doma mozhet reshit’ regional’nyy krizis v Latinskoy Amerike [Ot and Joe: how Biden’s victory will affect the situation in Venezuela / The new head of the White House can solve the regional crisis in Latin America. [Online]. Izvestiya. 30 noyabrya 2020. Available from: https://iz.ru/1092980/mariia-vasileva/ot-i-dzho-kak-pobeda-baidena-povliiaet-na-situatciiu-v-venesuele [In Russian].
Yevrosoyuz perestal priznavat’ Khuana Guaydo glavoy Venesuely [The European Union stopped recognizing Juan Guaido as the head of Venezuela]. [Online]. Available from: https://rg.ru/2021/01/08/evrosoiuz-perestal-priznavat-huana-guajdo-glavoj-venesuely.html [In Russian].
Maduro posle prikhoda Baydena k vlasti poruchil ustanovit’ novyye otnosheniya s SSHA [Maduro, after Biden came to power, instructed to establish new relations with the United States]. [Online]. Available from: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2021/01/21/n _15514826.shtml [In Russian].