Британська модель безпеки євроатлантичного регіону
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Анотація
Розглянуто сучасну безпекову політику Великої Британії у євроатлантичному регіоні. Вихід Сполученого Королівства зі складу Європейського Союзу та посилення ізоляціоністських настроїв у Сполучених Штатах Америки після перемоги Д. Трампа на президентських виборах 2024 р. поставило під питання майбутнє атлантичного вектору британської зовнішньої політики через зростання ненадійності США як геополітичного партнера. Водночас ескалація російсько-українського конфлікту у лютому 2022 р. призвела до поступового збільшення ризику війни між Російською Федерацією та європейськими країнами НАТО. За цих обставин лейбористський уряд К. Стармера опублікував у 2025 р. новий Стратегічний оборонний огляд з метою адаптувати безпекову політику до нових реалій, підготувавши країну до можливої участі в тривалій війні шляхом реформи збройних сил, відбудови ВПК і адаптації військової доктрини з урахуванням українського досвіду. Однак складна економічна ситуація в країні створює суттєві перепони для швидкого переозброєння. Додаткову невизначеність додає відсутність у потенційного фаворита парламентських виборів 2029 р. – правопопулістської партії Реформи Н. Фараджа – чіткого бачення британської зовнішньої політики поза межами міграційних питань. Загалом геополітичні процеси на європейському континенті, підштовхують британський уряд до поглиблення кооперації з країнами ЄС та концентрації уваги і ресурсів на євроатлантичному регіоні, який є ключовим для забезпечення національної безпеки Сполученого Королівства. Наявні виклики вимагають від британського суспільства та істеблішменту здатності прийняти необхідність складних та непопулярних рішень, оскільки від них залежить їхній майбутній добробут.
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