Historical Memory in the Process of Formation and Reproduction of Modern National Identity: the French Experience (Part 1)
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the role of historical tradition and national memory in the formation of modern types of ethno-national identity and mechanisms of consolidation of citizens at the stage of formation of the French state of the modern type. In this regard, various versions of French history were analyzed by representatives of historical and historiographical schools, which still compete with each other for the status of creators of a generally accepted interpretation of important historical events.
It was found that consistently patriotic motivation, which ensures the formation and realization of the innovative potential of the people and social activity of this creative core of the nation, aimed at overcoming any crisis challenges, is formed only on the basis of maximum meaningful synthesis of existing interpretations of French history. In particular, the effectiveness of memory policy is ensured by the fact that symbols, traditions and historical monuments that positively influence the dynamics of national-patriotic motivations and feelings are inevitably (and often, quite consciously) filled with qualitatively new meanings and values.
The complete failure of neoliberal and left-wing radical critiques of Holism's theory and practice has been proved, the conservative elements of which, in particular the appeal to the heroic past, are not at all identical with medieval archaism and almost neo-Nazi political preferences. On the contrary, the typological similarity of Bonapartism and Hollism is due precisely to their ability to effectively oppose reactionary and revolutionary extremism, which is equally destructive to the nation-state.
In this regard, the exceptional relevance of the use of historical memory to form their own traditionalist and authoritarian charisma (in their relationship) by the creator and first president of the Fifth Republic Charles de Gaulle in the process of his opposition to anti-national provocations of far-right and far-left.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Chekantseva, Z. (2018). Pamiat y natsyonalnaia identychnost v istorycheskoy kulture Frantsii [Memory and national identity in the historical culture of France]. Sobytie i vremia v evropeiskoi istorycheskoy kulture XVI – nachala XX v. [Event and time in the European historical culture of the 16th – early 20th centuries]. Moskva: “Akvilon”. [Online]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317548684_Pamat_i_nacionalnaa_identicnost_v_istoriceskoj_kulture_Francii_54-80 [In Russian].
Renan, E. Shcho take natsiia? [What is a nation?]. [Online]. Available from: https://zbruc.eu/node/59455 [In Ukrainian].
Mere, Zh. (2003). Pryntsyp suverenitetu. Istoriia ta osnovy novitnoi vlady [The principle of sovereignty. History and foundations of modern power]. Lviv: Kalvariia. [In Ukrainian].
Shmorhun, O. (2016). Moderni etnonatsionalni protsesy: potentsial antykryzovoho rozvytku Ukrainy [Modern ethno-national processes: the potential of anti-crisis development of Ukraine]. Problemy vsesvitnoi istorii: naukovyi zhurnal [Problems of world history: a scientific journal], 2, pp. 30-49. [In Ukrainian].
Brodel, F. (1995). Materialna tsyvilizatsia, ekonomika y kapitalizm, XV-XVIII st. Т.1. Struktura povsiakdennosti: mozhlyve i ne mozhlyve. [Material civilization, economics and capitalism, XV-XVIII centuries. Vol. 1. The structure of everyday life: possible and impossible.] Kyiv: Osnovy. [In Ukrainian].
Afanasev, Yu. (1980). Ystoryzm protyv eklektyky. Frantsuzskaia istorycheskaia shkola “Annalov” v sovremennoi burzhuaznoy istoryohrafii [Historicism versus eclecticism. French historical school “Annals” in modern bourgeois historiography]. Moskva: Mysl. [In Russian].
Fevr, L. (1991). Boi za istoryiu [Fights for history]. Moskva: Nauka. [In Russian].
Braudel, F. (1958). Histoire et sciences socials. La longue durée. Annales: ESC, XIII. (4), pp. 725-753. [In French].
Ladiury, E. (1993). Le Rua. Zastyvshaia istoryia [Frozen history]. THESIS, 2, pp. 153-173. [In Russian].
Ortega y Gasset, J. (1955). Historia como sistema. – Obras completas. Madrid.: El filósofo. Vol. IV, pp. 9-69. [In Spanish].
Fulie, A. (1998). Psykholohyia frantsuzskoho naroda [Psychology of the French people]. Revoliutsyonnyi nevroz [Revolutionary neurosis]. Moskva: Instytut psykholohy RAN, “KSP+”. [In Russian].
Brodel, F. (1994). Chto takoe Frantsyia? Kn. pervaia: Prostranstvo i istoryia [What is France? Book I: Space and history]. Moskva: Yzd-vo im. Sabashnykovykh. [In Russian].
Le Hoff, Z. (2007). Tsivilizatsyia srednevekovoho Zapada [Civilization of the Medieval West]. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoryia. [In Russian].
Shoniu, P. (2005). Tsivilyzatsia klassycheskoi Evropy [The civilization of classical Europe]. Ekaterinburg: U-Faktoryia. [In Russian].
Shmorhun, O. (2020). Krakh tradytsiinoi partiinoi systemy u Frantsii ta politychne protystoiannia na pochatku XXI stolittia [The collapse of the traditional party system in France and the political confrontation at the beginning of the XXI century]. Suspilno-politychni protsesy [Socio-political processes], 2 (16), pp. 219-275. [In Ukrainian].
Shmorhun, O. (2014). Postekonomichni tsinnosti v konteksti poshuku kreatyvno-mobilizatsiinykh motyvatsii suspilnoho rozvytku [Post-economic values in the context of the search for creative and mobilizing motivations for social development]. Suchasni evropeiski kulturno istorychni tsinnosti v konteksti vyklykiv hlobalizatsii [Contemporary European cultural and historical values in the context of the challenges of globalization]. Kyiv: Feniks, pp. 82-104. [In Ukrainian].
Hordon, A. (2020). Istoryzm Zhiulia Myshle [Jules Michelet’s historicism]. Dialoh so vremenem [Dialogue with time], 72, pp. 49-63. [In Russian].
Travyn, D. (2004). Evropeiskaia modernizatsyia. V 2 kn. Kn. 1. [European modernization. In 2 books. Book. 1]. Moskva: OOO Izdatelstvo AST; SPB: Terra Fantastica. [In Russian].
Zhyskar d’Esten, V. (2004). Frantsuzy: Razmyshlenyia o sudbe naroda [French: Reflections on the fate of the people]. Moskva: Ladomir. [In Russian].
Shmorhun, O. (2020). Yevrointehratsiinyi kurs Ukrainy: perspektyvy ta zasterezhennia [European integration course of Ukraine: perspectives and hesitations]. Zovnishni spravy [Foreign affairs], 4, pp. 12-20. [In Ukrainian].
Shmorhun, O. (2018). Vsesvitno-istorychni trendy hlobalnoho rozvytku: poriatunok chy katastrofa?! [World-historical trends of global development: salvation or catastrophe?!]. Problemy vsesvitnoi istorii: naukovyi zhurnal [Problems of world history: a scientific journal], 2 (1), pp. 17-37. [In Ukrainian].
Eksprezydenta Frantsii Sarkozi zasudyly do trokh rokiv za koruptsiiu [Former French President Sarkozy was sentenced to three years for corruption]. [Online]. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-56240195 [In Ukrainian].
Lokland, D. Fenomen Emmanuelya Makrona [The Emmanuel Macron phenomenon]. [Online]. Available from: http://perspektivy.info/upload/iblock/5c2/Lokland-DOI_2018_2_49_68.pdf [In Russian].
Tokvil, A. de. (2000). Davnii poriadok i Revoliutsiia [The Ancient Order and the Revolution]. Kyiv: Yunivers. [In Ukrainian].
Shmorhun, O. (2013). Tsyvilizatsiina sutnist epokhy bonapartyzmu ta istorychnyi shans alternatyvnoho rozvytku Rosiiskoi imperii [The civilizational essence of the era of Bonapartism and the historical chance of alternative development of the Russian Empire]. Vitchizniana viina 1812 roku v konteksti postupu vsesvitnoi istorii [The Patriotic War of 1812 in the context of the progress of world history]. Kyiv: Feniks, pp. 207-235. [In Ukrainian].
Marks, K. (1956). Klassovaya borba vo Frantsii s 1848 po 1850 g. [The class struggle in France from 1848 to 1850]
Marks K. Enhels F. Soch. 2-e yzd. T. 7. [Marx, K. Engels, F. Works. 2nd ed. Vol. 7]. Moskva: Hosudrastvennoe izdatelstvo politicheskoy lyteratury, pp. 5-110. [In Russian].
Shmorhun, O. (2011). Elitarnyi vymir demokratii: problema avtorytarnoho liderstva [The elitist dimension of democracy: the problem of authoritarian leadership]. Elita: vytoky, sutnist, perspektyva [Elite: origins, essence, perspective]. Kyiv: T-vo “Znannia” Ukrainy. pp. 343-414. [In Ukrainian].
Beneton, F. (2002). Vvedenie v polytycheskuyu nauku [Introduction to Political Science]. Moskva: Izdatelstvo “Ves Mir. [In Russian].
Kola, D. (2001). Polytycheskaia sotsyolohyia [Political Sociology]. Moskva: Ves myr; YNFRA-M. [In Russian].
Molchanov, N. Heneral de Holl [General de Gaulle]. Moskva: Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenyia. [In Russian].
Distinction: Moussa Balla Coulibaly honoré par la France de la Légion d’honneur. [Online]. Available from: http://malijet.com/la_societe_malienne_aujourdhui/actualite_de_la_nation_ malienne/10438-distinction_moussa_balla_coulibaly_honore_par_la_france.html [In French].
Shmorgun, O. (2020). Yevrointehratsiinyi kurs Ukrainy: perspektyvy ta zasterezhennia [European integration course of Ukraine: perspectives and hesitations]. Zovnishni spravy [Foreign affairs], 4, pp. 12-20. [In Ukrainian].
(2011). Pravoradykalnye politicheskie partii i dvizheniya sovremennoy Evropy [Right-wing radical political parties and movements in modern Europe]. SPb.: Yzd-vo S.-Peterbur. un-ta. [In Russian].
Fukuiama, F. (1990). Konets istorii? [End of the story?]. Voprosy filosofii [Philosophy questions], 3, pp 134-148. [In Russian].
Duclos, J. (1964). De Napoléon III à De Gaulle 1896-1975. Paris: Éditions Sociales Creation. [In French].
Duclos, J. (1964). Gaullisme, tecnocratie, corporativisme. Paris: Éditions Sociales Creation. [In French].
Reviakin, A. Frantsuzskie dynastii: Burbony, Orleany, Bonaparty [French dynasties: Bourbons, Orleans, Bonapartes]. [Online]. Available from: http://vivovoco.ibmh.msk.su/VV/PAPERS/ HISTORY/FROYAL.HTM [In Russian].
Sen-Zhiust, L. A. (1995). Rechi. Traktaty [Speeches. Treatises]. Moskva: Nauka. [In Russian].
Bode, Zh. (2000). Metod lohkoho poznaniya istorii [The method of easy knowledge of history]. Moskva: Nauka. [In Russian].
Hrotsyi, H. (1994).O prave voyny i mira: Reprint s izd. 1956 g [On the law of war and peace: Reprint from the ed. 1956 year]. Moskva: Ladomyr. [In Russian].
Erazm Rotterdamskiy (2001). Vospitanie khrystianskoho hosudarya [The upbringing of a Christian sovereign]. Moskva: Mysl. [In Russian].
(1978). Istoria v Entsyklopedii Didro i D’Alambera [History in the Encyclopedia of Diderot and D’Alembert]. Moskva: Nauka. [In Russian].
Shmorhun, O. (2010). Solidarystsko-korporatyvna paradyhma antykryzovoho rozvytku Ukrainy [Solidarity-corporate paradigm of anti-crisis development of Ukraine]. Kulturno-tsyvilizatsiinyi prostir Yevropy i Ukraina: osoblyvosti stanovlennia ta suchasni tendentsii rozvytku [Cultural and civilizational space of Europe and Ukraine: peculiarities of formation and modern tendencies of development]. Kyiv: Un-ty “Ukraina”, pp. 389-403. [In Ukrainian].
Labriuier, Zh. De. (2001). Kharaktery, ili Nravy nyneshneho veka [Characters, or mores of the present century]. Moskva: OOO Izdatelstvo AST; Kharkov: Yzdatelsvo “Folyo”. [In Russian].
Monteske, Sh.-L. (1999). O dukhe zakonov [On the spirit of laws]. Moskva: Mysl. [In Russian].
Veber, M. (2008). Tipy hospodstva [Domination types]. Lychnost. Kultura. Obshchestvo [Personality. Culture. Society], 3-4, (42-43), pp. 20-31. [Online]. Available from: https://iphras.ru/uplfile/reznik/sovet/bibl/1/Weber9.pdf [In Russian].
Shmorhun, O. (2014). Spivvidnoshennia lehalnosti ta lehitymnosti v suchasnykh transformatsiinykh protsesakh [The ratio of legality and legitimacy in modern transformation processes]. “Tretia khvylia” demokratyzatsii na terenakh Yevrazii: dosvid novitnoi istorii ta vyklyky suchasnosti [The “third wave” of democratization in Eurasia: the experience of modern history and the challenges of modernity]. Kyiv: Vyd-vo “Feniks”, pp. 52-63. [In Ukrainian].
(2000). Klassycheskiy frantsuzskiy liberalizm: Sbornik [Classical French Liberalism: Collection]. Moskva: “Rossyiskaia polytycheskaia entsyklopedyia” (ROSSPEN). [In Russian].
Monten, M. (1979). Opyty [Experiments]. V 3-kh knihakh. Knihi pervaia i vtoraia [In 3 books. Books one and two]. Moskva: Nauka. [In Russian].
Rousseau, J.-J. (1896). Petits Chefs-d’OEuvres de J.-J. Rousseau. Paris. [Online]. Available from: http://litopys.org.ua/rousseau/rous03.htm [In French].
Aron, R. (2000). Myr i viina mizh natsiiamy [Peace and war between nations]. Kyiv: MP “Yunivers”. [In Ukrainian].