The Development of Australian Culture in the XX Century: Australian Film Industry
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary investigation of the history of Australian film development in the XX-th century in the context of Australian culture. Analysing films in historical order the peculiarities of each decade are taken into consideration. The periods of silent films, sound films and colour films are analysed. The best film productions, their film directors and prominent actors are outlined. Special attention is paid to the development of feature films and documentaries.
The article concentrates on the development of different film genres beginning with national historical drama, films of the first pioneers’ survival, adventure films. It is shown how they contribute to the embodiment in films of the main archetypes of Australian culture, the development of Australian identity. After World War I and World War II war films appear to commemorate the courage of the Australian soldiers in the war fields. Later on the destiny of the Australian women white settlers’ wives or native Australians inspired film directors to make them the chief heroines of their movies.
A comparative analysis of films and literary primary sources underlying their scripts is carried out. It is concluded that the Australian directors selected the best examples of Australian national poetry and prose, which reveal the historical and social, cultural and racial problems of the country's development during the twentieth century.
The publication dwells on boom and bust periods of Australian film making. The governmental policy in this sphere is analysed. Different schemes of film production and distribution are outlined to make national film industry compatible with the other film industries of the world, especially with the Hollywood. The area of a new discipline - Australian Film Studios - is studied as well as the works of Australian scholars. It is clarified in what Australian universities this discipline is taught. It is assumed that the experience of Australia in this sphere should be taken by Ukraine.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Tantsi aboryheniv Torresovoyi protoky [Dances of the aborigines of the Torres Strait]. [Online]. Available from: http://www.eoutube.com/watch?v=1R7Jo8om5vQ [In Russian].
Hamilton Anette. Imagined Identities: Focus on Australian Cinema [Online]. Available from: academia.edu/1924575/imagined_identities_focus_on_Australian_cinema_English_Title [In English].
Goldsmith Ben. Australian Cinema: Introduction. [Online]. Available from: academia.edu/3547563/AustralianCinemaIntroduction [In English].
Mulvaney, D.J. (1990). Spencer, Sir Walter Baldwin (1860-1929). Australian Dictionary of Biography, 12, p. 46. [In English]. https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.013.36212
Vanderbent Saskia. Australian Film. [Online]. Available from: http://www.pocketessentials.com [In English].
Long, C. (1995). Australia’s Films: Part Fifteen – Under Southern Skies. Cinema Papers, 106, October, pp. 38-41, 54-55. [In English].
Bertrand, I. & Routt W.D. (2007). The Picture that Will Live Forever: The Story of the Kelly Gang. St. Kilda, Vic.: Australian Teachers of Media (ATOM). [In English].
Zernetskaya, O. (1987). Moral’nyy imperativ Rufusa Douza (retsenziya na knigu Markusa Klarka “Osuzhdennyy pozhiznenno”. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986) [Zernetskaya, Oh. The moral imperative of Rufus Dawes (review of the book by Markus Clarke “Convicted for life”. M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1986)]. Inostrannaya literatura [Foreign literature], 8, pp. 243-244. [In Russian].
Zernetskaya, O.V. (1984). Vens Palmer i avstraliyskiy roman [Vance Palmer and an Australian novel]. Kiyev: Naukova dumka. [In Russian].
Cunningham, S. & Turnbull, S. (ed.) (2014).Verhoeven Deb. Film, Video, DVD and Online Delivery. – The Media and Communications in Australia. Crows Nest. N.S.W.: Allen& Unwin. [In English].
Valentine, T.J. The Causes of the Depression in Australia. [Online]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0014498900040 [In English].
Great Depression National Museum in Australia. [Online]. Available from: https://www.nma.gov.au/explore [In English].
Reynauld, D. (2007). Celluloid Anzacs: the Great War through Australian Cinema. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publications. [In English].
Lawson, S. (1981). Gallipoli: You Are Being Taught What to Remember. Filmnews, 11-12, (11), p. 11. [In English].
Сlancy, L. (2004). Culture and Customs in Australia. Sydney: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Zernetskaya, O.V. (1988). Roman Kolin Makkalou “Poyushchiye v ternovnike”. Novyye zhanrovyye modifikatsii avstraliyskogo romana-sagi. Vzaimodeystviye formy i soderzhaniya v realisticheskom khudozhestvennom proizvedenii: Monografiya [Roman Colin McCullough “Singing in the Blackthorn”. New genre modifications of the Australian saga novel. The Interaction of Form and Content in Realistic Artwork: Monograph]. Kiyev: Naukova dumka. [In Russian].
Moran, A. & O’Reagan, T. Two Discourses of Australian Film. Australian Journal of Screen Theory, 15-16, pp. 163-173. [In English].
O’Reagan, T. (1996). Australian National Cinema. London: Routlegde. [In English].
Bertrand, I. (2000). The Oxford Companion to Australian Film. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [In English].
Attard, B. The Economic History of Australia from 1788: An Introduction. [Online]. Available from: https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economic-history-of-australia-from-178-an-introduction… [In English].
Bertrand, I. & Routt, B. (1989). The Fairest Child of the Mothеrland: Colonialism and Family in Australian Films of the 1920s and 1930s’. In: Moran, A & O’Reigan T. (ed.). The Australian Screen. (Pp. 28-52). Melbourne: Penguin. [In English].
Zernetskaya, O.V. (1982). Avstraliyskiy sotsial’nyy roman 30 godov XX veka [Australian social novel 30 years of the twentieth century]. Kiyev: Naukova dumka. [In Russian].
Australian Century since Federation at a Glance. [Online]. Available from: https://treasury.gov.au/default/files2019-03round3.pdf [In English].
Dugan, M. & Szwarc, J. (1984). There Goes the Neighbourhood! Australia’s Migrants Experience. Melbourne: Macmillan & Australian Institute of Multicultural Affairs. [In English].
Grassby, Al. (1984). The Tyranny of Prejudice. Melbourne: A.E. Press. [In English].
Collins, F. (2009). Wogboy Comedies and the Australian National Type. In: Muravska R. & Lambert F. (ed.). Diasporas in Australian Cinema. (Pp. 73-82). Bristol: Intellect Books. [In English].
O’Regan, T. (1989). Cinema Oz: The Ocker Films’. In: Moran, A. & O’Regan, T. (ed.). The Australian Screen. (Pp. 75-98). Ringwood, Vic.: Penguin. [In English].
Speed, L. (2005). Life as a Pizza: The Comic Traditions of the Wogsploitation Films. Metro Magazine, 146-147, pp. 136-144. [In English].
Morris, M. (1987). Tooth and Claws: Tales of Survival and CrocodileDandee. Art & Text, 25, pp. 36-68. [In English].
Goldsmith, B. & O’Reagan, T. (2005). The Film Studies: Film Production in the Global Economy. Lanham MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. [In English].
Total Screens, Seating Capacity and Theatres in Australia, 1980-2019. [Online]. Available from: https://screenaustralia.gov.au [In English].
Motion Picture Distributors Association of Australia (MPDAA). [Online]. Available from: https://screenaustralia.gov.au [In English].
King, N. (2008). Verevis Konstantin and Williams Deane, Australia. In: The Sage Handbook of Film Studies. (Pp. 112-122). London. Sage Publications. [In English]. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200400.n8
Rayner, J. (2005). Contemporary Australian Film. Manchester: Manchester University Press. [In English].