Formation of the main Vectors of the Foreign Policy Course of the Directory of the UNR
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Abstract
The article reveals the influence of Ukrainian political parties on the foreign policy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic of the Directory era, analyzes the foreign policy concept of the ruling circles of the restored UNR. An assessment is made of certain heads of the foreign policy department of Ukraine in terms of their real actions to protect the national interests of the state, rather than general declarations. The foreign policy aspects of the program documents of Ukrainian political parties during the period of national liberation struggles are considered. The features of the international position of the UNR Directory after the victory of the national uprising against the regime of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky are determined. In addition, alternative options for the foreign policy orientation of the Directory in the winter and spring of 1919 are analyzed: to achieve an understanding with Bolshevik Russia or with the Entente powers. The main stages of the Ukrainian-Polish rapprochement, the formation of the military-political union of the UNR and the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are traced and the reasons for its defeat are determined. It is found that the Directory relied in its activities on socialist demagogy and direct assistance from external anti-national forces.
It is noted that the number of foreign diplomatic missions in Ukraine during the Directory was constantly decreasing and virtually disappeared. The constant state of war in which the UNR was located and the government’s movements from place to place made it impossible for foreign diplomats to be accredited and to operate.
It was found that the Ukrainian national liberation movement and the aspirations of Ukrainians for an independent state existence did not receive support from the Entente countries. Disappointed with this position of the victorious states in the First World War, the leadership of the Ukrainian People's Republic stopped focusing on France, Great Britain and the USA and began to seek support in other states for their national-state aspirations. An important role in this process was played by the active diplomatic activities of the UNR Directory in the countries of Central and Western Europe.
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