Historical Experience of Overcoming Crisis in the Process of Development of European Integration (1951-2025)

Abstract

The article analyzes the historical experience of overcoming crises in the process of developing European integration. The socio-historical nature of crisis phenomena is analyzed. Typologically, these can be growth crises or stagnation crises. It is shown that growth crises are associated with the formation of new rules, structures and socio-political mechanisms that provide an adequate response to new challenges. Stagnation crises are caused by problems that existing political institutions are unable to cope with. This type of crisis may end in the collapse of existing structures and institutions, or if it is overcome, the stagnation crisis may transform into a growth crisis. Scientific novelty of the study. The experience of overcoming the crisis in Europe after 1945 is traced, which resulted in the launch of a modern process of European integration. The energy crisis of the 1970s was overcome by the creation of currency regulation mechanisms and strategic plans for the creation of the European Union. The parallel expansion of the EU and the deepening of the European integration process provoked the crisis of the early 2000s. Overcoming this growth crisis was due to the integration of many speeds. The crises of the 2020s were associated with the consequences of the pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Conclusions. The flexibility of the European Union structures, the orientation of the European bureaucracy not only on the process, but also on the result open up opportunities for overcoming new crises.