Політичні династії Лівану: «тонке налаштування»
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Анотація
Невелика за розміром Ліванська республіка вирізняється конфесійною сегментованістю, клановою орієнтованістю й переважною спадковістю місцевої політичної еліти. Олігархічний характер політичного режиму країни кедрів обумовлено традиційною клановою структурою ліванського суспільства. Протягом століть провідну роль у Лівані відігравали територіально-конфесійні клани на чолі з шейхами–заїмами (зуама). Ця система перекочувала у сучасний ліванський політикум. До того ж, вона знаходить підтримку як серед старої, так і серед нової еліти. Тому, чітке уявлення про причетність керівників владних структур Ліванської республіки до тієї чи іншої політичної династії є необхідним для розуміння сучасного стану речей у країні, а також для прогнозування характеру її подальшого політичного розвитку.
Найважливішим критерієм послідовності висвітлення діяльності політичних династій країни кедрів виступає ступінь впливу того чи іншого з нинішніх «Заїмів» на нинішні ліванські реалії. З огляду на це, мова піде про родинно-клановий контекст перших трьох осіб держави: Прем’єр-міністра, президента (спікера) національної асамблеї і президента Ліванської республіки, а також про низку неохоплених вище лідерів впливових чи бодай знакових політичних сил, представлених у парламенті, обраному у 2018 році (за винятком Х. Насралли і С. Джааджі). Зокрема, стаття містить аналіз можливостей створення політичних династій діючим прем’єр-міністром Н. Мікаті та спікером парламенту Н. Беррі, перспектив для подальшого існування нещодавно заснованих політичних династій Аунів і аль-Харірі, а також причин політичного виживання родин спадкових ліванських заїмів Джумблатів і Франж’є. Головний висновок публікації полягає у констатації перспективи тотального збереження принципу сімейності у ліванській політиці бодай на найближчі десятиліття.
Завантаження
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Посилання
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