Ukraine and Switzerland: the Beginnings of Diplomatic Relations in the Context of European Geopolitics (1917–1921)

Abstract

The article explores the origins and development of diplomatic relations between the Ukrainian national governments and Switzerland during the period of 1917–1921, in the context of the complex geopolitical situation in Europe at the end of and following the First World War and the collapse of empires. The authors analyze key events that influenced the formation of Ukrainian diplomacy, particularly the activities of Ukrainian missions in Bern, Zurich, and Geneva, as well as Switzerland’s attitude toward Ukrainian statehood. Special attention is given to Switzerland’s role as a neutral country and its place in international efforts to establish the postwar order. The article highlights the significance of bilateral relations in shaping Ukraine’s image on the international stage and in its attempts to integrate into the European political system.

It is noted that the period of 1917–1921 was a crucial stage in the establishment of Ukrainian statehood and the formation of its foreign policy ties. In this context, the establishment of diplomatic contacts between Ukraine and Switzerland reflected the Ukrainian People’s Republic’s aspiration to secure international recognition and integrate into the European political space. The initial diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Switzerland during this period illustrate the complex processes of international positioning of the young Ukrainian state and demonstrate that even at that time, Ukrainian politicians and diplomats sought to build partnerships with European countries, taking into account the broader geopolitical context following the First World War.