Features of the Formation of the Foundations of the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article analyzes the foundations of the formation of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which, first of all, are influenced by the traditions of the historical development of this country, its geopolitical location in the center of the Eurasian continent, transport and communication potential and the presence of large reserves of natural resources. It is emphasized that in modern Kazakhstan there is still no holistic perception of many historical events and processes, in particular those that were hushed up during the imperial and Soviet periods. At the same time, in the scientific discourse of the country, there is a rethinking of national history through criticism of the previous historical experience. It is noted that after the formation in the middle of the fifteenth century. In the Kazakh Khanate, the progressive development of statehood was replaced by a period of struggle against foreign invaders – first the Dzungars, and then the Russian Empire. It ended with the loss of statehood, the struggle for the restoration of which is presented in the form of a teleologically constructed narrative of the heroic struggle for independence, which includes a number of historical events and periods. The process of modern nation-state building in Kazakhstan is based on the consolidating role of the titular nation, which contributes to the growth of interest in historical issues and is accompanied by a gradual loss of the influence of Soviet-Russian narratives in political and historical discourse. A feature of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a multi-vector approach, which has developed historically and is designed to ensure a balance between various geopolitical centers of power.
The priorities of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy are determined: the development of allied relations with the Russian Federation, a comprehensive strategic partnership with the PRC, an expanded strategic partnership with the United States, strategic relations with the Central Asian states, an expanded partnership and cooperation with the European Union.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Harbuzarova, E.H. (2020). Central’naja Azija v sovremennyh miropoliticheskih processah [Central Asia in modern world political processes]. Moskva: Yzdatel’stvo “Aspekt Press”. [In Russian].
Sulejmenov, R.B. (2015). Izbrannye trudy [Selected Works]. T. 1. Almaty: Yzd-vo “Eltanym”. [In Russian].
Demenko, O.F. (2019). Povstannia 1916 roku ta joho vplyv na formuvannia natsional’noi identychnosti kazakhs’koho narodu [The uprising of 1916 and its impact on the formation of the national identity of the Kazakh people]. Problemy vsesvitn’oi istorii: naukovyj zhurnal [Problems of world history: a scientific journal], 2 (8), pp. 55-66. [In Ukrainian].
Olkott Marta Bryll. (2011). Sovetskoe nasledie Kazahstana [Soviet legacy of Kazakhstan]. Centr Azii [Center of Asia], 20-21 (57-58). [Online]. Available from: http://magazine.asiakz.com/rus/article/1034 [In Russian].
Cameron, . (2018). The hungry steppe: famine, violence, and the making of Soviet Kazakhstan. Ithaca. (NY); L.: Cornell univ. press. [In English].
Ryzhichkin, N. (2020). Postsovetskij Kazahstan. Puti formirovanija nacional’noj identichnosti [Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Ways of Forming National Identity]. Svobodnaja mysl’ [Free Thought], 3 (1681), pp. 175-186. [In Russian].
Abylkhozhyn, Zh.B. (2013). Modernizacionnye opyty: proekcii v istoriju Kazahstana / Central’na Azija. Chelovek – obshhestvo – gosudarstvo. Sbornik statej [Modernization Experiments: Projections into the History of Kazakhstan / Central Asia. Personality – society – state. Digest of articles]. (Рp. 273-298). Moskva: YVY RAN. [In Russian].
Djusalinova, B.K. & Sagatova, A.S. (2009). Ideja evrazijstva v kontekste sovremennoj obshhestvenno-politicheskoj mysli Kazahstana [The idea of Eurasianism in the context of modern socio-political thought in Kazakhstan]. [Online]. Available from: https://articlekz.com/article/14335 [In Russian].
Nikulina, A.A. & Toropygin, A.V. (2017). K voprosu o konceptual'noj osnove razvitija Evrazijskoj integracii [On the conceptual basis for the development of Eurasian integration]. [Online]. Available from: https://spb.ranepa.ru/images/nauka/UK_DOI/3_17/Nikulina_3_17.pdf [In Russian].
Turgambaev, A. (2019). Osnovnye jetapy razvitija vneshnej politiki Respubliki Kazahstan [The main stages of the development of foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. Mezhdunarodnaja zhizn’ [International life], 7. [Online]. Available from: https://interaffairs.ru/jauthor/material/2212 [In Russian].
Vedeneeva, V. (2018). Kazahstan: stroitel’stvo nezavisimogo gosudarstva [Kazakhstan: building an independent state]. Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija [World Economy and International Relations], Tom 62, 12, pp. 126-131. [In Russian].
Koncepcija vneshnej politiki Respubliki Kazahstan na 2020 – 2030 gody [Concept of foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020 – 2030]. Oficial’nyj sajt Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan [Official site of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. 09.03.2020. [Online]. Available from: https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-koncepcii-vneshnei-politiki-respubliki-kazahstan-na-2020-2030-gody [In Russian].
Sultanov, B. (2020). Kazahstano-rossijskie otnoshenija vo vneshnej politike prezidenta K.-Zh. Tokaeva [Kazakh-Russian relations in the foreign policy of President K.-J. Tokaeva]. Rossija i novye gosudarstva Evrazii [Russia and the new states of Eurasia], 2, pp. 58-68. DOI: 10.20542/2073-4786-2020-2-58-68 [In Russian].
Ionova, . (2020). Kazahstan v period tranzita vlasti [Kazakhstan during the transit of power]. Rossija i novye gosudarstva Evrazii [Russia and the new states of Eurasia], 1, pp. 82-97. DOI: 10.20542/2073-4786-2020-1-82-97 [In Russian].
Ob itogah vzaimnoj torgovli tovarami Evrazijskogo jekonomicheskogo sojuza. Janvar’ – dekabr’ 2019 goda [On the results of mutual trade in goods of the Eurasian Economic Union. January – December 2019]. [Online]. Available from: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/ integr_i_makroec/dep_stat/tradestat/analytics/Documents/2019/Analytics_I_201912.pdf [In Russian].
Analiticheskie materialy [Analytical materials]. Sajt Evrazijskoj jekonomicheskoj komissii. [Website of the Eurasian Economic Commission]. [Online]. Available from: http://www.eurasiancommission.org/ru/act/integr_i_makroec/dep_stat/tradestat/analytics/Pages/default.aspx [In Russian].
Syroezhkin, K. (2019). Problemy sovremennyh kazahstansko-kitajskih otnoshenij [Problems of modern Kazakh-Chinese relations]. Rossija i novye gosudarstva Evrazii [Russia and the new states of Eurasia], 1, pp. 21-36. DOI: 10.20542/2073-4786-2019-1-21-36 [In Russian].
Strategija Soedinennyh Shtatov v Central'noj Azii na 2019-2025 gody: ukreplenie suvereniteta i jekonomicheskogo procvetanija [United States Strategy for Central Asia 2019-2025: Building Sovereignty and Economic Prosperity]. 05.02.2020. [Online]. Available from: https://kz.usembassy.gov/ru/u-s-strategy-for-central-asia-2019-2025-advancing-sovereignty-and-economic-prosperity-ru/ [In Russian].
Gegelashvili, N.A., Modnikova, I.V. (2019). Kazahstan v zerkale politiki administracii D. Trampa [Kazakhstan in the Mirror of the Politics of the D. Trump Administration]. SShA & Kanada: jekonomika, politika kul'tura [USA & Canada: Economics, Politics, Culture], 49 (9), pp. 92-107. DOI 10.31857/S032120680006300-4 [In Russian].
Orlyk, V.V. (2018). Politychni protsesy v Respublitsi Kazakhstan u konteksti “tranzytu vlady” [Political processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of “transit of power”]. Stratehichna panorama [Strategic panorama], 2, pp. 64-75. [In Ukrainian].
Polozhenie o Nacional’nom sovete obshhestvennogo doverija pri Prezidente Respubliki Kazahstan. Utverzhdeno Ukazom Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan ot 17 ijulja 2019 goda [Regulations on the National Council of Public Trust under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 17, 2019]. [Online]. Available from: https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/ob-utverzhdenii-polozheniya-i-sostava-nacionalnogo-soveta-obshchestvennogo-doveriya-pri-prezidente-respubliki-kazahstan [In Russian].
Ivanov, I., Petrenko, S. (2020). Social’no-politicheskaja modernizacija Kazahstana [Socio-political modernization of Kazakhstan]. Rossija i novye gosudarstva Evrazii [Russia and the new states of Eurasia], 1, pp. 98-110. DOI: 10.20542/2073-4786-2020-1-98-110 [In Russian].
Sulejmenov, A. (2020). Oppozicionnye dvizhenija Kazahstana v postnazarbaevskij period [Opposition movements of Kazakhstan in the post-Nazarbayev period]. Rossija i novye gosudarstva Evrazii [Russia and the new states of Eurasia], 2 (ХLVII)), pp. 69-80. DOI: 10.20542/2073-4786-2020-2-69-80 [In Russian].